Readability Mμ (Muñoz and Muñoz) Formula for Spanish Texts
"Readability Mμ," a readability formula for Spanish-language texts, was developed by Miguel Muñoz Baquedano and José Muñoz Urra in Chile in 2006 , hence the name "Mμ" (Muñoz and Muñoz). Tailored for the Spanish language, this formula analyzes the linguistic nuances that affect readability.
Mean Number of Letters Per Word (ˉx): the average word length. Longer words often increase reading difficulty, especially for less proficient readers.
Variance in the Number of Letters Per Word (σ2): The variance indicates how much the word lengths differ throughout the text. A higher variance suggests a wider range of word lengths, which can influence the ease of reading.
Multiplication by 100: This scaling factor interprets the index easier to use in practical applications.
The score correlates to the following Muñoz and Muñoz reading scale:
\begin{equation*} µ = \left ( {n} \over {n-1} \right ) \left ( {x̄} \over {\sigma ²} \right ) \times 100 \end{equation*}
Where:
- μ is the readability index.
- n is the number of words in the text.
- xˉ is the mean number of letters per word.
- 2σ is the variance in the number of letters per word.
Mean Number of Letters Per Word (ˉx): the average word length. Longer words often increase reading difficulty, especially for less proficient readers.
Variance in the Number of Letters Per Word (σ2): The variance indicates how much the word lengths differ throughout the text. A higher variance suggests a wider range of word lengths, which can influence the ease of reading.
Multiplication by 100: This scaling factor interprets the index easier to use in practical applications.
The score correlates to the following Muñoz and Muñoz reading scale:
| Readability Mu (µ) | Ease of Reading |
|---|---|
| 91-100 | Very Easy |
| 81-90 | Easy |
| 71-80 | Slightly Easy |
| 61-70 | Average |
| 51-60 | Slightly Difficult |
| 31-50 | Difficult |
| 0-30 | Very Difficult |
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